BBA 1st Semester Bookkeeping Notes
BBA 1st Semester Bookkeeping Notes:- All BBA 1st semester students we are providing the study material and question paper of BBA . and in this article, you can find a few year question papers. If we talk about BBA then Bookkeeping and Accounting are some of the most important Topics. Bookkeeping is common to all semesters Here we are presenting BBA Bookkeeping and Accounting Study Material and Notes for all Semesters.
BBA Bachelor of Business Administration in Bookkeeping and Accounting notes study material in this website MonBin.com most important chapter and Question paper BBA notes in this page more links to BBA notes and study material and question paper mock paper. BBA in accounting and finance is an undergraduate commerce course. BBA study in bookkeeping and accounting, financial planning, economics, business organization, and other similthe ar areas of operation in any business organization. full bba course three-year degree course consists of six semesters.
the basic eligibility criterion for bba degree is qualifying 10+2 or equivalent examination in any stream from a recognized board of the country. Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in Accounting programs combine the fundamentals of a business program with concentrated coursework in accounting. Find out what these programs entail and what students do after graduation. BBA subject bookkeeping and accounting chapter wise notes study material, question paper, mock paper, sample paper, in this website study point to BBA notes.
BBA 1st Semester Bookkeeping Notes
BBA 1st Semester Bookkeeping Notes
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Capital Preference Shares
Difference Between Reserves and Provision
Bookkeeping Capital Preference Shares
| Point of Difference | Reserves | Provisions |
| Meaning | A reserve is mean for meeting an unanticipated situation. | A provision is created for some specific objects. |
| Mode of Creation | A reserve is created only out of profit, if there is no sufficient profit, a reserve cannot be created. | A provision is a charge against profit. It is created even through there is no profit. |
| Time of creation | A reserve is created after ascertaining profit. | A provision is created before ascertaining the profit and loss of a business.
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| Object | The object of creating such reserve is to strengthen the financial position of the business and to increase the working capital. | The object of making provision is an arrangement made to provide funds for known liability.
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| Utilization | Reserve can be used in the payment of any liability or loss. | Provision can be utilized only for the purpose for which it is meant. |
| Distribution | General reserve is always available for distribution of profit, i.e. dividend. | Provision cannot be utilized for distribution of profit, i.e. dividend.
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| Presentation in the balance sheet | Reserve is always shown on the liabilities side in the balance sheet. | A provision is shown as an item of deduction from its related assets of shown on liability sides. |
every year. This method is suitable when total debentures are redeemed on a specific date.
Insurance Policy Method
According to this method, an insurance policy is taken for the amount required to redeem debentures after a certain specified period. The insurance premium is paid regularly every year. After the certain specified period the policy matures, the insured amount is received and the debentures redeemed with the proceeds.
BBA 1st Semester Bookkeeping Notes
Preference Shares
These shares have preferential rights for receiving dividends and repayment of capital. This means when a company decides to pay a dividend, to equity shareholders. Similarly on liquidation of the company before refunding capital to equity shareholders, capital of preference shareholders will be refunded in full.
Future Maintainable Profit (BBA Bookkeeping Notes)
Future Maintainable Profit: It has been stated before that it is the future profits, likely be earned that are relevant for valuing goodwill. This is quite correct but the estimate for future profits will be made based on past profits. While estimating the future profits based on past profits, the point to be remembered is for profits as under :
- All usual working expenses including interest to debenture holders and depreciation of the assets of the company should be provided for. If the fixed assets have to be revalued, depreciation should be raised on the values arrived at as a result of the revaluation.
- All necessary provisions for liabilities for, say, taxation, or otherwise should be made. But transfer to general reserves, dividend equalization fund, or sinking for the redemption of liabilities and the availability of profits is not affected.
- In case non-trading assets have been excluded from the capital employed the income derived from such assets should be excluded.
- The preference dividend should be deducted.
- Profit for the past four of five years (during which conditions have remained normal) should be averaged since the average is more reliable than a single year’s profit.
- Development which has already taken place but whose results are likely to come in the future should be taken into account.
Short note on Capital employed in a joint-stock Company.
Capital Employed in a joint Stock Company : This is a most important factor in valuation of goodwill, since the size of profits is significant only in relation to the capital used to earn it. Capital employed is now recognised to mean fixed assets (less depreciation written off) plus net working capital (i.e. current assets minus current liabilities).
This may also be expressed as aggregate of share capital, reserves and long term loans. Non-trading assets i.e. assets acquired because of spare funds such as government securities, are excluded. Assets that must be acquired even if they are in the nature of shares debentures, etc. cannot be treated as non-trading.
The above mentioned idea of capital employed, however is not suitable for the purpose of valuing goodwill of individual companies where it is essentially the advantage occurring to the shareholders which has to be evaluated. For this purpose, the amount of debentures or loans should also be excluded from capital (of course, the profit considered for valuation of goodwill will also be after interest on debentures and loans obviously goodwill is also
An important point to note is the change in the value of fixed assets, if these were acquired some years ago. Since, profits are expressed in terms of current prices, it is proper that fixed assets should also be valued at current prices.
A refinement is that the figure of capital employed should be the average for the year concerned since the figure changes at least because of the profit or loss during the year. changes at least because of the profit or loss during the year.
BBA 1st Semester Bookkeeping Notes
